You can't blame Nature for not giving a warning. Warnings were aplenty—violent, highly visible, and almost annual.
Climate change's share
True, climate change has contributed to the widespread ecological damage to the Western Ghats, as elsewhere in the world. But, as Dr. Gadgil points out, the Mundakkai-Chooramala death and destruction seem man-made. The area, like many in Wayanad, has seen intense environmental destruction. A stone quarry just 2 km from the area had dug out large quantities of rock thus destabilising the soil balance (the quarry closed sometime back).
Tourism’s evils
The explosive growth of the real estate business in the wake of the discovery of Wayanad's tourism potential is another villain. Wayanad now has more resorts, homestays, and hotels than the region's carrying capacity can afford--like in Munnar, which is a disaster in waiting. "Wayanad is no longer Wayanad," is a refrain by people who resent the construction boom promoted by tourism development. The district’s people, who had welcomed the prosperity and job opportunities opened up by tourism, have started noticing the environmental risks.
The Gadgil recommendations
Perhaps this is the right time to revisit the debunked Gadgil panel report. The committee was set up by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests in March 2010 and Dr. Gadgil and his fellow scientists submitted their report in August the following year. The report, a comprehensive study of the ecological state of the Western Ghats, contains a series of well-thought-out recommendations for conserving the rich biodiversity and ecological integrity of the Ghats.
The Gadgil report is a landmark document in India's environmental policy framework. The recommendations aimed to balance developmental needs with ecological preservation and focused on the long-term sustainability of the Western Ghats. However, the report faced stiff resistance, particularly from the development lobbies, politicians, and special interest groups such as the Catholic Church. (Remember the iconic picture of a bishop leading a road blockade in Idukki district?) Most political parties backed the powerful and influential settler community’s short-term economic interests and, over time, `Gadgil’ turned out to be a dirty word.
The Kasturi Rangan report
The result was the setting up of the Dr. Kasturi Rangan-led high-level working group in 2012, which submitted its report in 2013. The Kasturi Rangan report greatly watered down the Gadgil report, but it too was opposed by the lobbyists. Gradually, the historic initiative launched by Dr. Gadgil fizzled out.
Implementing the recommendations would have significantly enhanced Western Ghats’ ecological health, and in hindsight, perhaps averted the July 30 disaster. The 82- year-old Dr. Gadgil warns: "Only if the Kerala Government takes the report seriously can such disasters be averted."
The one great pointer emerging from the disaster is this: It's high time the ESZ regulations were brought back and effectively implemented in Wayanad and Idukki districts--not just for the preservation of Western Ghats’ mountains and forests but for the protection of a substantial number of humans as well.